偏执

Sequelize 支持偏执表的概念。偏执表是这样一种表，当被告知删除一条记录时，它不会真正删除它。相反，名为 deletedAt 的特殊列将其值设置为该删除请求的时间戳。

¥Sequelize supports the concept of paranoid tables. A paranoid table is one that, when told to delete a record, it will not truly delete it. Instead, a special column called deletedAt will have its value set to the timestamp of that deletion request.

这意味着偏执表执行记录的软删除，而不是硬删除。

¥This means that paranoid tables perform a soft-deletion of records, instead of a hard-deletion.

将模型定义为偏执

¥Defining a model as paranoid

要使模型偏执，你必须将 paranoid: true 选项传递给模型定义。Paranoid 需要时间戳才能工作（即，如果你也通过了 timestamps: false，它将无法工作）。

¥To make a model paranoid, you must pass the paranoid: true option to the model definition. Paranoid requires timestamps to work (i.e. it won't work if you also pass timestamps: false).

你还可以将默认列名称（deletedAt）更改为其他名称。

¥You can also change the default column name (which is deletedAt) to something else.

class Post extends Model {}
Post.init(
  {
    /* attributes here */
  },
  {
    sequelize,
    paranoid: true,

    // If you want to give a custom name to the deletedAt column
    deletedAt: 'destroyTime',
  },
);

删除

¥Deleting

当你调用 destroy 方法时，将发生软删除：

¥When you call the destroy method, a soft-deletion will happen:

await Post.destroy({
  where: {
    id: 1,
  },
});
// UPDATE "posts" SET "deletedAt"=[timestamp] WHERE "deletedAt" IS NULL AND "id" = 1

如果你确实想要硬删除并且你的模型是偏执的，你可以使用 force: true 选项强制它：

¥If you really want a hard-deletion and your model is paranoid, you can force it using the force: true option:

await Post.destroy({
  where: {
    id: 1,
  },
  force: true,
});
// DELETE FROM "posts" WHERE "id" = 1

上面的示例使用静态 destroy 方法作为示例（Post.destroy），但一切的工作方式与实例方法相同：

¥The above examples used the static destroy method as an example (Post.destroy), but everything works in the same way with the instance method:

const post = await Post.create({ title: 'test' });
console.log(post instanceof Post); // true
await post.destroy(); // Would just set the `deletedAt` flag
await post.destroy({ force: true }); // Would really delete the record

恢复

¥Restoring

要恢复软删除的记录，你可以使用 restore 方法，该方法既有静态版本又有实例版本：

¥To restore soft-deleted records, you can use the restore method, which comes both in the static version as well as in the instance version:

// Example showing the instance `restore` method
// We create a post, soft-delete it and then restore it back
const post = await Post.create({ title: 'test' });
console.log(post instanceof Post); // true
await post.destroy();
console.log('soft-deleted!');
await post.restore();
console.log('restored!');

// Example showing the static `restore` method.
// Restoring every soft-deleted post with more than 100 likes
await Post.restore({
  where: {
    likes: {
      [Op.gt]: 100,
    },
  },
});

其他查询的行为

¥Behavior with other queries

Sequelize 执行的每个查询都会自动忽略软删除记录（当然，原始查询除外）。

¥Every query performed by Sequelize will automatically ignore soft-deleted records (except raw queries, of course).

这意味着，例如，findAll 方法将不会看到软删除的记录，而只会获取未删除的记录。

¥This means that, for example, the findAll method will not see the soft-deleted records, fetching only the ones that were not deleted.

即使你只是调用 findByPk 提供软删除记录的主键，结果也将是 null，就好像该记录不存在一样。

¥Even if you simply call findByPk providing the primary key of a soft-deleted record, the result will be null as if that record didn't exist.

如果确实想让查询看到软删除的记录，可以将 paranoid: false 选项传递给查询方法。例如：

¥If you really want to let the query see the soft-deleted records, you can pass the paranoid: false option to the query method. For example:

await Post.findByPk(123); // This will return `null` if the record of id 123 is soft-deleted
await Post.findByPk(123, { paranoid: false }); // This will retrieve the record

await Post.findAll({
  where: { foo: 'bar' },
}); // This will not retrieve soft-deleted records

await Post.findAll({
  where: { foo: 'bar' },
  paranoid: false,
}); // This will also retrieve soft-deleted records